{"id":388,"date":"2008-09-26T15:57:00","date_gmt":"2008-09-26T07:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.akuadi.org\/?p=114"},"modified":"2008-09-26T15:57:00","modified_gmt":"2008-09-26T07:57:00","slug":"raid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akuadi.org\/life\/blog\/2008\/09\/26\/raid\/","title":{"rendered":"RAID"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>da1:~ # fdisk -l<\/p>\n<p>Disk \/dev\/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes<br \/>255 heads, 63 sectors\/track, 19457 cylinders<br \/>Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes<\/p>\n<p>   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System<br \/>\/dev\/sda1   *           1        1959    15735636   83  Linux<br \/>\/dev\/sda2            1960        2482     4200997+  82  Linux swap \/ Solaris<br \/>\/dev\/sda3            2483        2495      104422+  83  Linux<br \/>\/dev\/sda4            2496       19457   136247265    5  Extended<br \/>\/dev\/sda5            2496        2508      104391   8e  Linux LVM<br \/>\/dev\/sda6            2509        2521      104391   8e  Linux LVM<br \/>\/dev\/sda7            2522        2534      104391   8e  Linux LVM<br \/>\/dev\/sda8            2535        2547      104391   fd  Linux raid autodetect<br \/>\/dev\/sda9            2548        2560      104391   fd  Linux raid autodetect<br \/>\/dev\/sda10           2561        2573      104391   fd  Linux raid autodetect<br \/>\/dev\/sda11           2574        2586      104391   83  Linux<br \/>da1:~ # clear<\/p>\n<p>da1:~ # mdadm &#8211;hlp<br \/>mdadm: unrecognized option `&#8211;hlp&#8217;<br \/>Usage: mdadm &#8211;help<br \/>  for help<br \/>da1:~ # mdadm &#8211;help<br \/>mdadm is used for building, managing, and monitoring<br \/>Linux md devices (aka RAID arrays)<br \/>Usage: mdadm &#8211;create device options&#8230;<br \/>            Create a new array from unused devices.<br \/>       mdadm &#8211;assemble device options&#8230;<br \/>            Assemble a previously created array.<br \/>       mdadm &#8211;build device options&#8230;<br \/>            Create or assemble an array without metadata.<br \/>       mdadm &#8211;manage device options&#8230;<br \/>            make changes to an existing array.<br \/>       mdadm &#8211;misc options&#8230; devices<br \/>            report on or modify various md related devices.<br \/>       mdadm &#8211;grow options device<br \/>            resize\/reshape an active array<br \/>       mdadm &#8211;incremental device<br \/>            add a device to an array as appropriate<br \/>       mdadm &#8211;monitor options&#8230;<br \/>            Monitor one or more array for significant changes.<br \/>       mdadm device options&#8230;<br \/>            Shorthand for &#8211;manage.<br \/>Any parameter that does not start with &#8216;-&#8216; is treated as a device name<br \/>or, for &#8211;examine-bitmap, a file name.<br \/>The first such name is often the name of an md device.  Subsequent<br \/>names are often names of component devices.<\/p>\n<p> For detailed help on the above major modes use &#8211;help after the mode<br \/> e.g.<br \/>         mdadm &#8211;assemble &#8211;help<br \/> For general help on options use<br \/>         mdadm &#8211;help-options<br \/>da1:~ # mdadm &#8211;create \/dev\/md0 &#8211;level=1 &#8211;raid-devices=2 \/dev\/sda8 \/dev\/sda9<br \/>mdadm: array \/dev\/md0 started.<br \/>da1:~ # array \/dev\/md<br \/>md0   md11  md14  md17  md2   md22  md25  md28  md30  md5   md8<br \/>md1   md12  md15  md18  md20  md23  md26  md29  md31  md6   md9<br \/>md10  md13  md16  md19  md21  md24  md27  md3   md4   md7<br \/>da1:~ # more \/proc\/partitions<br \/>major minor  #blocks  name<\/p>\n<p>   8     0  156290904 sda<br \/>   8     1   15735636 sda1<br \/>   8     2    4200997 sda2<br \/>   8     3     104422 sda3<br \/>   8     4          1 sda4<br \/>   8     5     104391 sda5<br \/>   8     6     104391 sda6<br \/>   8     7     104391 sda7<br \/>   8     8     104391 sda8<br \/>   8     9     104391 sda9<br \/>   8    10     104391 sda10<br \/>   8    11     104391 sda11<br \/>   9     0     104320 md0<br \/>da1:~ # mdadm &#8211;misc&#8211;query \/dev\/md0<br \/>mdadm: unrecognized option `&#8211;misc&#8211;query&#8217;<br \/>Usage: mdadm &#8211;help<br \/>  for help<br \/>da1:~ # mdadm &#8211;misc &#8211;query \/dev\/md0<br \/>\/dev\/md0: 101.88MiB raid1 2 devices, 0 spares. Use mdadm &#8211;detail for more detai l.<br \/>da1:~ # mdadm &#8211;misc &#8211;details \/dev\/md0<br \/>mdadm: unrecognized option `&#8211;details&#8217;<br \/>Usage: mdadm &#8211;help<br \/>  for help<br \/>da1:~ # mdadm &#8211;misc &#8211;detail \/dev\/md0<br \/>\/dev\/md0:<br \/>        Version : 00.90.03<br \/>  Creation Time : Tue Aug  5 13:57:12 2008<br \/>     Raid Level : raid1<br \/>     Array Size : 104320 (101.89 MiB 106.82 MB)<br \/>  Used Dev Size : 104320 (101.89 MiB 106.82 MB)<br \/>   Raid Devices : 2<br \/>  Total Devices : 2<br \/>Preferred Minor : 0<br \/>    Persistence : Superblock is persistent<\/p>\n<p>    Update Time : Tue Aug  5 13:57:15 2008<br \/>          State : clean<br \/> Active Devices : 2<br \/>Working Devices : 2<br \/> Failed Devices : 0<br \/>  Spare Devices : 0<\/p>\n<p>           UUID : 10d82e2a:61ed1aa3:59a6c3d9:358f3540<br \/>         Events : 0.2<\/p>\n<p>    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State<br \/>       0       8        8        0      active sync   \/dev\/sda8<br \/>       1       8        9        1      active sync   \/dev\/sda9<br \/>da1:~ # more \/proc\/partitions<br \/>major minor  #blocks  name<\/p>\n<p>   8     0  156290904 sda<br \/>   8     1   15735636 sda1<br \/>   8     2    4200997 sda2<br \/>   8     3     104422 sda3<br \/>   8     4          1 sda4<br \/>   8     5     104391 sda5<br \/>   8     6     104391 sda6<br \/>   8     7     104391 sda7<br \/>   8     8     104391 sda8<br \/>   8     9     104391 sda9<br \/>   8    10     104391 sda10<br \/>   8    11     104391 sda11<br \/>   9     0     104320 md0<br \/>da1:~ # mdadm &#8211;manage \/dev\/md0 &#8211;fail \/dev\/sda8<br \/>mdadm: set \/dev\/sda8 faulty in \/dev\/md0<br \/>da1:~ # mdadm &#8211;misc &#8211;query \/dev\/md0<br \/>\/dev\/md0: 101.88MiB raid1 2 devices, 0 spares. Use mdadm &#8211;detail for more detai l.<br \/>da1:~ # mdadm &#8211;misc &#8211;detail \/dev\/md0<br \/>\/dev\/md0:<br \/>        Version : 00.90.03<br \/>  Creation Time : Tue Aug  5 13:57:12 2008<br \/>     Raid Level : raid1<br \/>     Array Size : 104320 (101.89 MiB 106.82 MB)<br \/>  Used Dev Size : 104320 (101.89 MiB 106.82 MB)<br \/>   Raid Devices : 2<br \/>  Total Devices : 2<br \/>Preferred Minor : 0<br \/>    Persistence : Superblock is persistent<\/p>\n<p>    Update Time : Tue Aug  5 14:00:22 2008<br \/>          State : clean, degraded<br \/> Active Devices : 1<br \/>Working Devices : 1<br \/> Failed Devices : 1<br \/>  Spare Devices : 0<\/p>\n<p>           UUID : 10d82e2a:61ed1aa3:59a6c3d9:358f3540<br \/>         Events : 0.3<\/p>\n<p>    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State<br \/>       0       0        0        0      removed<br \/>       1       8        9        1      active sync   \/dev\/sda9<\/p>\n<p>       2       8        8        &#8211;      faulty spare   \/dev\/sda8<br \/>da1:~ # mdadm &#8211;manage \/dev\/md0 &#8211;fail \/dev\/sda9<br \/>mdadm: set \/dev\/sda9 faulty in \/dev\/md0<br \/>da1:~ # mdadm &#8211;manage \/dev\/md0 &#8211;remove \/dev\/sda8<br \/>mdadm: hot removed \/dev\/sda8<br \/>da1:~ # mdadm &#8211;misc &#8211;detail \/dev\/md0<br \/>\/dev\/md0:<br \/>        Version : 00.90.03<br \/>  Creation Time : Tue Aug  5 13:57:12 2008<br \/>     Raid Level : raid1<br \/>     Array Size : 104320 (101.89 MiB 106.82 MB)<br \/>  Used Dev Size : 104320 (101.89 MiB 106.82 MB)<br \/>   Raid Devices : 2<br \/>  Total Devices : 1<br \/>Preferred Minor : 0<br \/>    Persistence : Superblock is persistent<\/p>\n<p>    Update Time : Tue Aug  5 14:03:07 2008<br \/>          State : clean, degraded<br \/> Active Devices : 1<br \/>Working Devices : 1<br \/> Failed Devices : 0<br \/>  Spare Devices : 0<\/p>\n<p>           UUID : 10d82e2a:61ed1aa3:59a6c3d9:358f3540<br \/>         Events : 0.4<\/p>\n<p>    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State<br \/>       0       0        0        0      removed<br \/>       1       8        9        1      active sync   \/dev\/sda9<br \/>da1:~ # mdadm &#8211;manage \/dev\/md0 &#8211;remove \/dev\/sda9<br \/>mdadm: hot remove failed for \/dev\/sda9: Device or resource busy<br \/>da1:~ # mdadm &#8211;stop \/dev\/md0<br \/>mdadm: stopped \/dev\/md0<br \/>da1:~ # more \/proc\/partitions<br \/>major minor  #blocks  name<\/p>\n<p>   8     0  156290904 sda<br \/>   8     1   15735636 sda1<br \/>   8     2    4200997 sda2<br \/>   8     3     104422 sda3<br \/>   8     4          1 sda4<br \/>   8     5     104391 sda5<br \/>   8     6     104391 sda6<br \/>   8     7     104391 sda7<br \/>   8     8     104391 sda8<br \/>   8     9     104391 sda9<br \/>   8    10     104391 sda10<br \/>   8    11     104391 sda11<br \/>da1:~ # mdadm &#8211;create \/dev\/md1 &#8211;level=5 &#8211;raid-devices=3 \/d<br \/>\nev\/sda8 \/dev\/sda9 \/ dev\/sda10 &#8211;spare-devices=1 \/dev\/sda11<br \/>mdadm: \/dev\/sda8 appears to be part of a raid array:<br \/>    level=raid1 devices=2 ctime=Tue Aug  5 13:57:12 2008<br \/>mdadm: \/dev\/sda9 appears to be part of a raid array:<br \/>    level=raid1 devices=2 ctime=Tue Aug  5 13:57:12 2008<br \/>Continue creating array? y<br \/>mdadm: array \/dev\/md1 started.<br \/>da1:~ # mdadm &#8211;misc &#8211;detail \/dev\/md1 \/dev\/md1:<br \/>        Version : 00.90.03<br \/>  Creation Time : Tue Aug  5 14:07:37 2008<br \/>     Raid Level : raid5<br \/>     Array Size : 208640 (203.78 MiB 213.65 MB)<br \/>  Used Dev Size : 104320 (101.89 MiB 106.82 MB)<br \/>   Raid Devices : 3<br \/>  Total Devices : 4<br \/>Preferred Minor : 1<br \/>    Persistence : Superblock is persistent<\/p>\n<p>    Update Time : Tue Aug  5 14:07:44 2008<br \/>          State : clean<br \/> Active Devices : 3<br \/>Working Devices : 4<br \/> Failed Devices : 0<br \/>  Spare Devices : 1<\/p>\n<p>         Layout : left-symmetric<br \/>     Chunk Size : 64K<\/p>\n<p>           UUID : ec1fadec:c6148148:b00cbf42:a733e2d8<br \/>         Events : 0.2<\/p>\n<p>    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State<br \/>       0       8        8        0      active sync   \/dev\/sda8<br \/>       1       8        9        1      active sync   \/dev\/sda9<br \/>       2       8       10        2      active sync   \/dev\/sda10<\/p>\n<p>       3       8       11        &#8211;      spare   \/dev\/sda11<br \/>da1:~ # mdadm &#8211;manage \/dev\/md0 &#8211;fail \/dev\/sda10 mdadm: cannot get array info for \/dev\/md0<br \/>da1:~ # mdadm &#8211;manage \/dev\/md1 &#8211;fail \/dev\/sda10<br \/>mdadm: set \/dev\/sda10 faulty in \/dev\/md1<br \/>da1:~ # mdadm &#8211;misc &#8211;detail \/dev\/md1<br \/>\/dev\/md1:<br \/>        Version : 00.90.03<br \/>  Creation Time : Tue Aug  5 14:07:37 2008<br \/>     Raid Level : raid5<br \/>     Array Size : 208640 (203.78 MiB 213.65 MB)<br \/>  Used Dev Size : 104320 (101.89 MiB 106.82 MB)<br \/>   Raid Devices : 3<br \/>  Total Devices : 4<br \/>Preferred Minor : 1<br \/>    Persistence : Superblock is persistent<\/p>\n<p>    Update Time : Tue Aug  5 14:09:00 2008<br \/>          State : clean, degraded, recovering<br \/> Active Devices : 2<br \/>Working Devices : 3<br \/> Failed Devices : 1<br \/>  Spare Devices : 1<\/p>\n<p>         Layout : left-symmetric<br \/>     Chunk Size : 64K<\/p>\n<p> Rebuild Status : 74% complete<\/p>\n<p>           UUID : ec1fadec:c6148148:b00cbf42:a733e2d8<br \/>         Events : 0.3<\/p>\n<p>    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State<br \/>       0       8        8        0      active sync   \/dev\/sda8<br \/>       1       8        9        1      active sync   \/dev\/sda9<br \/>       4       8       11        2      spare rebuilding   \/dev\/sda11<\/p>\n<p>       3       8       10        &#8211;      faulty spare   \/dev\/sda10<br \/>da1:~ # mdadm &#8211;manage \/dev\/md1 &#8211;add \/dev\/sda<br \/>sda    sda10  sda2   sda4   sda6   sda8<br \/>sda1   sda11  sda3   sda5   sda7   sda9<br \/>da1:~ # mdadm &#8211;manage \/dev\/md1 &#8211;add \/dev\/sda<br \/>mdadm: Cannot open \/dev\/sda: Device or resource busy<br \/>da1:~ # clear<\/p>\n<p>da1:~ # cd \/etc\/<br \/>da1:\/etc # ll mdadm.conf<br \/>\/bin\/ls: mdadm.conf: No such file or directory<br \/>da1:\/etc # echo &#8216;DEVICE \/dev\/sda8 \/dev\/sda9 \/dev\/sda10&#8217; > mdadm.conf<br \/>da1:\/etc # more mdadm.conf<br \/>DEVICE \/dev\/sda8 \/dev\/sda9 \/dev\/sda10<br \/>da1:\/etc # mdadm &#8211;details &#8211;scan >> mdadm.conf<br \/>mdadm: unrecognized option `&#8211;details&#8217;<br \/>Usage: mdadm &#8211;help<br \/>  for help<br \/>da1:\/etc # mdadm &#8211;detail &#8211;scan >> mdadm.conf<br \/>da1:\/etc # more mdadm.conf<br \/>DEVICE \/dev\/sda8 \/dev\/sda9 \/dev\/sda10<br \/>ARRAY \/dev\/md1 level=raid5 num-devices=3 UUID=ec1fadec:c6148148:b00cbf42:a733e2d<br \/>8<br \/>da1:\/etc #<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>da1:~ # fdisk -l Disk \/dev\/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors\/track, 19457 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System\/dev\/sda1 * 1 1959 15735636 83 Linux\/dev\/sda2 1960 2482 4200997+ 82 Linux swap \/ Solaris\/dev\/sda3 2483 2495 104422+ 83 Linux\/dev\/sda4 2496 19457 136247265 5 Extended\/dev\/sda5 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,73,70,61,72,71,57,43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-388","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux","category-ncle","category-nclp","category-novell","category-sled","category-sles","category-suse","category-unix"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akuadi.org\/life\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/388","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akuadi.org\/life\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akuadi.org\/life\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akuadi.org\/life\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akuadi.org\/life\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=388"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/akuadi.org\/life\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/388\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akuadi.org\/life\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=388"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akuadi.org\/life\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=388"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akuadi.org\/life\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=388"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}